Navigating safely and in comfort requires careful preparation. What equipment is really essential on board a boat, whether it is a day trip or a long-term cruise? Here is the complete list of essential items to pack.
The sea fascinates with its beauty, but it also requires compliance with strict equipment regulations. A poorly prepared boat exposes its occupants to considerable risks, while a properly equipped ship turns every trip into a memorable and safe experience. This meticulous preparation begins well before casting off, with the methodical inventory of all the necessary equipment. From maritime regulations to modern technological innovations, such as Oria Marine's connected IoT systems that allow remote monitoring of your boat, each element contributes to your safety and enjoyment of navigation. The diversity of equipment may seem intimidating at first glance, but a structured approach makes it possible to distinguish the essential from the superfluous and to optimize your budget while guaranteeing your protection.
Mandatory safety equipment
Safety at sea does not suffer from any compromise, and French maritime regulations impose specific equipment according to your navigation area. These devices form your first line of defense against the dangers of the sea and can literally save lives in the event of an emergency.
Life jackets and bras
Life jackets are the most basic safety equipment on board. Their role goes well beyond simply keeping afloat; they offer thermal protection and increased visibility thanks to their reflective strips and bright colors.
Existing standards
The CE EN ISO 12402 standard defines several classes of vests according to their buoyancy. Class 150N vests are perfect for coastal sailing and offer an excellent compromise between safety and comfort. For more exposed navigations, the 275N models guarantee automatic reversal even in the event of loss of consciousness. This technical distinction is of paramount importance because it determines your ability to survive in difficult conditions.
Quantity according to the number of passengers
The rule remains simple but imperative: one vest per person on board, without exception. This requirement includes children, who require models that are specifically adapted to their body type. Children's vests are distinguished by their ergonomic design, reinforced safety straps and often by the presence of a cervical support collar. Providing an additional vest is a good idea to compensate for a possible failure or to welcome an unexpected passenger.
Signaling devices
Maritime signaling makes it possible to alert the emergency services and to communicate your position in case of distress. This range of complementary equipment considerably increases your chances of being quickly rescued.
Distress flares
Distress flares come in several types depending on their use. Parachute rockets, visible up to 25 kilometers away, are used to signal your general position to ships and emergency services. Hand-held rockets, which have a more limited range but are more precise, make it possible to attract the attention of ships in the immediate vicinity. Their limited validity period requires regular renewal, generally every four years.
Signal mirror
The signaling mirror, which is often overlooked, is nevertheless a remarkably effective survival tool. Its range can reach several tens of kilometers on a clear day, and unlike rockets, it never runs out. However, its use requires a precise technique for directing the light beam towards the intended objective.
Whistle and foghorn
These sound devices are used both for distress signaling and for navigation in reduced visibility. The whistle, compact and tireless, saves your vocal forces. The fog horn, which is more powerful, respects international maritime traffic codes and is indispensable in fog.
Fire fighting equipment
Fire is one of the most feared threats at sea, as evacuation options remain limited. Early detection and rapid response often make the difference between a minor incident and a disaster.
Certified marine fire extinguishers
Marine fire extinguishers differ from their land-based counterparts in their resistance to corrosion and their adaptation to the types of fires specific to boats. Multi-purpose powder fire extinguishers are suitable for most situations, while foam models are particularly effective on hydrocarbon fires. Their strategic location, accessible even in case of dense smoke, is a crucial aspect of your preparation.
Fire blanket
The fire blanket offers a complementary solution, particularly useful for smothering incipient fires in the kitchen or the saloon. Its ease of use, even by untrained people, makes it an equipment of choice for family boats.
First aid kit
Medical care at sea requires complete autonomy, sometimes for long hours before emergency services arrive. A well-designed kit can effectively treat common injuries and stabilize more serious cases.
Recommended content
A marine first aid kit includes sterile bandages, compresses, elastic bands, and basic antiseptics. Medicines against seasickness, painkillers and anti-inflammatories complete this endowment. The scissors, tweezers and the thermometer allow for more technical interventions. An illustrated user manual guides emergency actions even under stress.
Products to be renewed regularly
Marine moisture accelerates the degradation of many medical products. A quarterly check of expiration dates and the condition of the packaging prevents unpleasant surprises. Drugs and antiseptics require special attention, as their effectiveness decreases rapidly in a humid and salty environment.
Essential navigation equipment
Modern navigation combines tradition and technology to offer unparalleled precision and safety. This complementarity between electronic instruments and proven methods guarantees your ability to guide yourself in all circumstances.
Navigation instruments
Navigation instruments are the nervous system of your boat, connecting you to the outside world and allowing you to know your position and course accurately.
GPS tracker
The GPS tracker represents the natural evolution of the simple GPS receiver. Its extensive functionalities include electronic mapping, road planning, track recording, and crossing point management. Modern models often incorporate weather data, tide information, and navigation alerts. Their high-definition color screen remains legible even in sunlight, while their watertightness protects them from spray.
Magnetic compass
Despite the omnipresence of GPS, the magnetic compass remains an essential navigation instrument. Its absolute reliability, its energy independence and its ease of use make it an irreplaceable emergency equipment. Its correct installation, far from metal masses and electronic equipment, conditions its precision. Regular compensation, carried out by a professional, rectifies the deviations caused by the on-board equipment.
Paper nautical chart (in addition electronic)
Paper nautical charts remain relevant despite the digital revolution. Their overview, ease of consultation and technological independence perfectly complement electronic systems. Their regular updating, through notices to mariners, maintains their reliability. Laying roads the old-fashioned way, with pencil and ruler, develops an intuitive understanding of navigation that enriches your maritime experience.
Communication tools
Maritime communication ensures your link with land and other ships. This constant connectivity transforms your safety and opens up new navigation possibilities.
Fixed or portable VHF
VHF (Very High Frequency) is the universal maritime communication standard. Its scope, limited to the horizon line, perfectly covers the needs of coastal navigation. Specialized channels make it possible to contact emergency services, marinas, locks and other vessels. The ASN (Digital Selective Call) function automates distress procedures and automatically transmits your location. A restricted radio operator's certificate is mandatory to legally use a VHF.
Emergency beacon (EPIRB or PLB)
These emergency beacons represent your last line of defense in the event of a critical situation. The EPIRB (Emergency Position Indicating Radio Beacon) is automatically activated upon contact with water and transmits your position to emergency satellites. The PLB (Personal Locator Beacon) offers individual protection and is particularly useful for water sports. Their registration with the competent authorities determines their effectiveness and accelerates relief operations.
Weather equipment
Marine meteorology directly influences your safety and comfort of navigation. Accurate and up-to-date information allows you to anticipate conditions and adapt your program accordingly.
Onboard weather station
An embedded weather station measures local parameters in real time: atmospheric pressure, temperature, humidity and wind force. These data, supplemented by trends in evolution, allow a detailed analysis of current conditions. Sophisticated models include automatic alerts in the event of a sudden deterioration in conditions.
Mobile app and weather router
Meteorological applications specialized in marine navigation offer detailed forecasts, wind and swell maps, and optimized routings. Regularly updating them via internet or satellite keeps the information fresh. An external weather router, connected at all times, can even automatically power your navigation devices, like the solutions offered by Oria Marine that allow continuous monitoring of your boat and its equipment.
Equipment for comfort on board
The comfort on board turns a simple trip to the sea into a real pleasure experience. This equipment, while not vital, contributes significantly to your well-being and that of your guests.
Basic arrangements
Basic amenities create a pleasant environment that allows you to fully enjoy your time at sea, regardless of weather conditions.
Bimini or sun awning
Sun protection is a major health and comfort issue, especially during summer sailing. The bimini, this tent mounted on metal arches, offers a mobile shade area that follows the evolution of your boat. Its technical fabric, treated anti-UV, effectively filters harmful rays while maintaining a pleasant luminosity. Modern models often incorporate side closures that transform the space into a real outdoor square protected from wind and spray.
Ergonomic seats and cushions
The ergonomics of the seats directly influence your fatigue and your pleasure of navigation. Suspended seats absorb shocks and vibrations, reducing back fatigue during sporty sailing. The technical cushions, filled with memory foam and covered with water-repellent fabrics, maintain their comfort even after prolonged exposure to humidity. Their optimized storage prevents deck clutter and facilitates maneuvers.
Fresh water reserve
Autonomy in fresh water determines the duration of your cruises and your independence from ports. A pressurized distribution system, powered by an electric pump, offers the comfort of use similar to that of a terrestrial home. Food-grade polyethylene tanks maintain the gustatory quality of the water, while regular disinfection treatment prevents the development of bacteria. Rainwater harvesting, via specialized systems, can supplement your reserves during extended cruises.
Food and cooking
Preparing meals on board requires equipment adapted to marine constraints: reduced space, boat movements and limited energy supply.
Marine cooler or refrigerator
The preservation of food conditions your autonomy and your food security. High-performance coolers, equipped with reinforced insulation, maintain the cold chain for several days with a simple supply of ice. Marine refrigerators, which are more sophisticated, operate on 12V or 24V and integrate harmoniously into the layout. Their optimized consumption preserves your electrical autonomy, while their vibration-resistant compressor guarantees maximum longevity.
Stove or equipped kitchen
Cooking on board imposes particular safety constraints. Gas stoves, equipped with thermocouple safety devices and stabilizing gimbals, allow normal cooking even at sea. Their regulatory installation includes adequate ventilation and a gas detector. Electric kitchens, powered by an inverter or by the dock, offer greater ease of use but require significant electrical production.
Unbreakable utensils and dishes
Marine tableware favors safety and practicality. Unbreakable materials such as melamine or stainless steel prevent injuries in the event of a fall. The kitchen utensils, equipped with anti-slip handles and hanging systems, remain secure even in bad weather. A comprehensive service, sized according to your usual crew plus a few guests, avoids repeated washing and saves your fresh water supply.
Sanitary equipment
Hygiene and sanitary comfort contribute greatly to the well-being of the crew, especially during multi-day cruises.
Marine or chemical toilet
Marine toilets are available in several technologies according to your needs and regulatory constraints. Hand-pump toilets, robust and economical, are ideal for occasional uses. Electric models, which are more comfortable, require reliable power and regular maintenance. Chemical toilets offer an autonomous solution, particularly appreciated on small units, with the advantage of removable tanks that can easily be emptied ashore.
Deck shower
The deck shower transforms rinsing after swimming or water activities. Its adjustable flow saves fresh water while offering significant comfort. The solar models, equipped with a black tank that captures heat, provide particularly pleasant lukewarm water. Their removable fixing facilitates storage and prevents the permanent congestion of the bridge.
Biodegradable products
Respect for the marine environment requires the use of biodegradable cleaning products. These specific formulations degrade rapidly without polluting the marine ecosystem. Their effectiveness, sometimes less than conventional products, sometimes requires adapted dosages. Storing them in airtight containers prevents accidental leaks and maintains their effectiveness.
Anchoring and mooring equipment
Anchoring and mooring are fundamental skills in recreational boating. Appropriate and well-maintained equipment guarantees the safety of your boat during anchorages and port stops.
Main and emergency anchor
The choice of anchor directly influences your peace of mind when mooring. A well-sized anchor adapted to the bottom of your sailing area allows you to sleep peacefully even in strong winds.
Recommended anchor types
The Plough anchor, with its characteristic shape, excels on sand and mud bottoms thanks to its excellent penetrating power. Its remarkable hold and its ease of lifting make it the preferred choice of many boaters. The Fortress anchor, light and removable, is particularly suitable for sailboats concerned about weight and space. Anchors with articulated legs, such as the Rocna or the Manson, offer an interesting compromise between strength and versatility on different types of bottoms.
Mooring chain and line
The anchor chain, due to its weight and its resistance to abrasion, is the essential element of your anchoring system. Its length, generally equivalent to five times the maximum anchoring depth, determines the effectiveness of your anchor. The caliber of the chain, adapted to the weight of your boat and to the conditions of navigation, guarantees sufficient resistance to efforts. A manual swivel makes it easy to maneuver and prevents the chain from twisting when lifting.
Fenders and fenders
Protecting your hull during berthing and docking requires appropriate and properly positioned defense equipment.
Number depending on the size of the boat
The number of fenders varies according to the length of your boat and the type of usual anchoring. An 8 to 12 meter boat generally requires six to eight appropriately sized fenders. Round fenders, which are more versatile, are suitable for most situations, while cylindrical models offer a better distribution of forces on straight shells. Inflatable fenders facilitate storage but require regular monitoring of their pressure.
Optimal positioning
The positioning of the defences determines their protective effectiveness. Their height, adjusted according to the difference in freeboard with the pontoon or the neighbouring boat, avoids direct contact with the hull. Their regular spacing covers the entire exposed length, with particular attention to areas of greatest flare. The defense straps, sized to withstand the forces, allow precise adjustment and quick disassembly.
Ropes and moorings
Ropes are the vital links between your boat and its anchor points. Their quality and maintenance directly influence your safety during anchorages and stopovers.
Adapted length and diameter
The size of the moorings depends on the weight and wind grip of your boat. Polyester ropes, resistant to UV and abrasion, are the standard for modern yachting. Their natural elasticity absorbs the forces due to the movement of waves and wind. The splices, made according to the rules of the art, offer superior knot strength and a more professional appearance.
Condition and storage
Regular inspection of your ropes reveals premature wear and prevents dangerous breakages. The areas of friction, which are particularly stressed, require particular attention and sometimes an end-to-end turning. Careful storage, in glenes or on drums, prevents tangles and facilitates rapid implementation. Rinsing with fresh water after use in the sea removes corrosive salt and extends their lifespan.
Maintenance tools and equipment
Preventive maintenance of your boat guarantees its reliability and extends its lifespan. A well-stocked toolbox allows you to fix most minor faults and perform routine maintenance.
Marine toolbox
Marine tools differ from land-based tools by their resistance to corrosion and their adaptation to the specific constraints of boats.
Wrenches, screwdrivers, pliers, etc.
A complete marine toolbox includes basic tightening tools: flat and pipe wrenches, cross and slotted screwdrivers, universal and wire cutters. Stainless or anti-corrosion treated models are resistant to the saline environment. An adjustable wrench, a set of Allen keys and a few screwdriver bits cover most needs. A multimeter, an essential instrument for diagnosing electrical failures, usefully complements this basic set of equipment.
Basic spare parts (fuses, bulbs, clamps)
Anticipating common breakdowns prevents your boat from being immobilized. An assortment of fuses covering all values used on board allows immediate return to service. The bulbs for navigation and interior lighting, fragile and stressed, justify a safety stock. Cable ties, stainless screws and gaskets complete this repair kit. A tube of marine sealant effectively solves small water leaks.
Cleaning equipment
Regular maintenance of your boat maintains its appearance and value. Specialized products and tools optimize cleaning efficiency while respecting materials.
Brooms, sponges, buckets
Basic cleaning equipment includes several buckets of different sizes, soft-bristled brooms for delicate surfaces, and brush brooms for dirty areas. Non-abrasive sponges preserve gelcoats and paints, while synthetic chamois provide streak-free drying. A telescopic brush mop makes it easy to clean mast tops and hard-to-reach areas.
Specific products for marine maintenance
Marine maintenance products respond to the specific problems of the maritime environment. Anti-salt cleaners effectively remove corrosive deposits, while marine degreasers dissolve hydrocarbon residues. Protective waxes, enriched with UV, preserve gelcoats from fading and aging. Antifouling treatments, applied to living works, limit the attachment of marine organisms and maintain the performance of your boat.
Equipment for leisure and nautical activities
Nautical activities greatly enrich your maritime experience and justify specialized equipment. These activities transform your boat into a marine exploration base and increase the pleasures of sailing.
Scuba or snorkeling equipment
Exploring the seabed reveals a fascinating world that is accessible to all thanks to free diving equipment. This activity, which can be enjoyed by the whole family, nevertheless requires adapted and secure equipment.
Fins, masks, snorkels
The snorkel mask trio is the basic equipment for free diving. The mask, a crucial element for underwater vision, must fit your face perfectly to avoid water entering. Its soft and hypoallergenic silicone skirt guarantees tightness and comfort even during prolonged use. The fins, chosen according to your level and your morphology, optimize your underwater propulsion. The adjustable models adapt to different users, while the slip-on fins provide better foot support.
Waterproof nets or bags
The transport and protection of your equipment require adapted containers. The diving nets, aerated and quick-drying, avoid the maceration of wet equipment. Waterproof bags protect your personal belongings during diving trips and allow the transport of delicate equipment such as underwater cameras. Their positive buoyancy prevents accidental losses in the event of a fall into the water.
Fishing equipment
Fishing from your boat provides moments of relaxation and can contribute to your food autonomy. This millenary activity is being modernized with ever more efficient and specialized equipment.
Rods, bait, storage box
The arsenal of the embarked fisherman varies according to the techniques used and the species sought. The short, powerful rods are suitable for drift fishing, while the softer models excel at anchor fishing. An assortment of hooks, sinkers, and lures cover most coastal fishing situations. A landing net makes it easy to retrieve the catch, while a fish pond or cooler keeps the catch fresh. Organized storage in a waterproof case protects the equipment from corrosion and facilitates its use.
Children's equipment
Boating with children requires specific equipment and precautions. Their safety and pleasure determine the success of your family sea trips.
Nautical games
Water games specially designed for the marine environment transform your boat into a floating playground. The towed buoys, adapted according to the age of the children, provide thrills in complete safety. Inflatable surfboards offer an accessible introduction to board sports, while inflatable kayaks allow independent exploration of small coves. This equipment, which is generally inflatable, facilitates on-board storage and reduces the risk of injury.
Vests adapted to their size
The safety of children requires life jackets that are specifically sized according to their weight and morphology. These pieces of equipment, which are often more colourful and fun, encourage them to be worn all the time. Models for very young children incorporate a neck support collar and a crotch strap that prevent the vest from turning over. Their reflective markings and bright colors make it easy to spot them in case of emergency.
FAQ: Equipment on board — Frequently asked questions
What equipment is mandatory on board according to French regulations?
French regulations distinguish several navigation areas with specific mandatory equipment. In a coastal zone, limited to 6 miles from shore, you must bring life jackets for each person, a portable or fixed VHF, signaling devices including three distress flares, a signaling mirror, a sound device such as a whistle, and an adapted first aid kit. This minimum allocation is considerably enriched for semi-offshore and offshore areas, with the addition of life rafts, distress beacons and additional navigation equipment.
How many life jackets are needed on board?
The fundamental rule is one life jacket per person on board, with no exceptions. This requirement naturally includes children, who require models that are specifically adapted to their morphology and weight. Beyond this legal obligation, providing one or two additional vests is a good idea to compensate for a possible failure or to welcome unexpected guests. Regularly checking the condition of vests, especially automatic inflation devices, guarantees their effectiveness in case of emergency.
Do I need to have a VHF even for a day trip?
The VHF is mandatory equipment as soon as you sail in coastal areas, even for a simple day trip. This legal obligation is justified by the vital importance of communications in case of emergency.
