Modern maritime navigation requires reliable and efficient communication equipment, and VHF (Very High Frequency) occupies a central place in the safety arsenal of any boater. Faced with the impressive diversity of models available on the market, from simple mobile phones to sophisticated fixed stations equipped with Digital Selective Calling, the choice may seem complex. Each type of navigation, whether coastal RIB outings or offshore sailing cruises, has specific communication requirements. Recent technological developments have also enriched the offer with integrated GPS functionalities, Bluetooth connections, and advanced weather monitoring systems. This technical diversity is accompanied by a precise regulatory framework that determines not only the equipment requirements according to the type of boat and the navigation area, but also the training requirements for the use of this essential safety equipment.
Why have a VHF on your boat?
An essential tool for safety
Marine VHF is the vital link between your boat and the outside world when circumstances require it. In case of distress, it allows a signal to be transmitted on channel 16, an international distress and safety frequency, continuously monitored by Crosses (Regional Operational Centers for Surveillance and Rescue) and ships at sea. This direct communication can literally save lives by allowing for rapid location and effective emergency coordination.
Beyond emergency situations, VHF facilitates coordination with other ships to avoid collisions, especially in areas of heavy traffic such as ports or shipping channels. It also makes it possible to communicate with port services, locks, and to obtain updated meteorological information directly from specialized coastal stations.
Legal obligations and regulations
French regulations require VHF equipment for different categories of boats depending on their size and navigation area. Recreational vessels over 20 meters must be equipped with an ASN VHF, while boats sailing beyond 6 miles from shore in certain areas must also have this safety equipment.
The use of a marine VHF requires obtaining a Restricted Radiotelephone Operator Certificate (CRR), a training course that teaches maritime communication procedures, the correct use of channels and emergency protocols. This certification ensures that the user is proficient in international codes and can communicate effectively with emergency services and other navigators in critical situations.
The different types of VHF available
Fixed VHF
Advantages and disadvantages
The fixed VHF offers a maximum emission power of 25 watts, guaranteeing an optimal range of up to 20 to 30 nautical miles depending on atmospheric conditions and antenna height. This higher power ensures more reliable communication with shore stations and other vessels, even in difficult weather conditions.
The permanent installation allows harmonious integration into the on-board electronics, with the possibility of connecting several remote microphones to facilitate use from different control stations. However, this fixed installation has the disadvantage of not being able to accompany the user when traveling on board or on the dinghy, and requires a permanent 12V power supply.
For what type of navigation?
Fixed VHF is particularly suitable for boats that practice regular offshore or coastal navigation, in particular cruise ships and large motor boats. Its high power and reliability make it the equipment of choice for long navigations where communication with coastal services can be crucial.
Boaters making frequent crossings or navigating in areas far from shore will fully benefit from the benefits of fixed VHF, especially when combined with an ASN system for advanced safety features.
Handheld VHF (portable marine VHF)
Advantages for coastal navigation and annexes
The portable VHF is revolutionizing maritime communication through its exceptional versatility. Compact and lightweight, this equipment accompanies the navigator in all his movements, whether for maneuvers on the bridge, dinghy trips or stops on land. This mobility represents a considerable safety advantage, making it possible to maintain radio contact even in the event of evacuation of the main boat.
The emission power reduced to 1 or 5 watts certainly limits the range compared to a fixed VHF, but remains largely sufficient for coastal navigation and local communications. Many models now incorporate GPS functionalities that allow automatic transmission of position in case of emergency, transforming the portable VHF into a real personal distress beacon.
Autonomy and watertightness
Autonomy is a crucial parameter for portable VHFs, the best models offering up to 14 hours of normal use thanks to powerful lithium-ion batteries. Diversified charging systems, including mains, 12V and sometimes USB chargers, facilitate energy management on board as well as on land.
The watertightness, certified by IPX7 or IPX8 standards, guarantees reliable operation even after temporary immersion, an essential characteristic in the hostile maritime environment. Some floating models facilitate recovery in the event of an accidental fall into the water.
VHF ASN (Digital Selective Calling)
How ASN works
Digital Selective Calling is transforming traditional maritime communication by introducing advanced digital capabilities. This system uses channel 70 to automatically transmit crucial information such as the identity of the vessel (MMSI), its GPS position, and the nature of the emergency, all in just a few seconds.
Unlike a traditional voice call on channel 16, ASN allows selective communication with a specific vessel thanks to its unique MMSI number, thus avoiding cluttering frequencies with communications that are irrelevant to other users. This technology also facilitates coordination between vessels for appointments or rescue operations.
Security benefits
ASN is revolutionizing maritime emergency management through its automation and reliability. If the distress function is activated, the system automatically transmits all the necessary information to the emergency centers, even if the crew is unable to communicate vocally. This digital transmission eliminates the risks of misunderstanding associated with voice communications under stressful conditions.
The automatic standby function constantly monitors distress calls from other vessels, allowing for effective mutual assistance. Coupled with an integrated or external GPS, the ASN VHF becomes a real coordination center that can guide emergency services to the exact position of the ship in distress.
Criteria for choosing the right VHF
Transmit range and power
Understanding the relationship between emission power and real range is a fundamental element in choosing a VHF. A 1-watt portable VHF offers a theoretical range of 5 to 8 nautical miles under optimal conditions, while a 5-watt model can reach 10 to 15 miles. Fixed VHFs, with their maximum power of 25 watts, can theoretically reach more than 25 miles, but these values remain dependent on numerous environmental factors.
The antenna plays as crucial a role as the transmission power in determining the effective range. A quality antenna, properly tuned and installed at the optimum height, can significantly improve communication performance. The installation height directly influences the range according to the radio horizon formula, with each additional meter of elevation significantly extending the coverage area.
Autonomy and power
The analysis of energy needs must take into account navigation habits and the typical duration of outings. Modern portable VHFs offer different types of batteries, from classic Ni-MH to high-performance Li-ion, each with specific characteristics of autonomy, charging time and cycle resistance.
Direct 12V power supply for fixed models guarantees permanent availability, but requires an appropriate electrical installation and careful management of consumption on boats with limited energy capacities. Multiple charging options (mains, 12V, USB) on portable models offer significant flexibility to keep equipment operational in all circumstances.
Resistance and tightness (IPX standards)
The IPX watertightness certification determines the ability of the equipment to resist water intrusions, a vital parameter in the maritime environment. The IPX7 standard guarantees protection against temporary immersion up to 1 meter deep for 30 minutes, while the IPX8 provides protection against prolonged immersion under conditions defined by the manufacturer.
Beyond pure tightness, resistance to saltwater spray, shock and vibration directly influences the longevity of the equipment. The materials used for the housing, seals, and connectors determine the ability of the device to withstand the constant aggressions of the marine environment, including saline corrosion and temperature variations.
Ergonomics and legibility
The user interface should allow intuitive use even in difficult conditions, with gloves or in low light. The size and quality of the screen directly influence the ease of reading the information, especially important for models that incorporate GPS or meteorological functions.
The layout of the buttons, their size and their tactility determine the effectiveness of use in emergency situations where every second counts. The most critical functions need to be accessible quickly, without complex menu navigation. Adaptive backlighting and high contrasts ensure optimal readability in all lighting conditions.
Additional features to consider
GPS integration transforms the VHF into a real nautical information center, allowing the display of the position, the calculation of routes and the automatic transmission of coordinates in case of emergency. This feature is particularly valuable on portable VHFs, which thus become real personal distress beacons.
Bluetooth connectivity opens up new possibilities of use, especially for connecting hands-free headsets or integrating with smartphone navigation applications. Meteorological functions, whether receiving NAVTEX reports or automatic weather alerts, considerably enrich the added value of the equipment. Some sailors will also appreciate innovative IoT solutions such as the Oria Marine box, which allows remote monitoring of boat parameters, thus completing the communication and surveillance ecosystem on board.
Comparison of the best VHFs on the market
Top 5 recommended models in 2025
Icom IC-M330GE — The fixed reference with ASN
The Icom IC-M330GE is establishing itself as the essential reference for fixed VHFs thanks to its excellent ASN integration and its proven reliability. This 25-watt fixed station offers exceptional audio quality and ergonomics designed for intensive maritime use. Its large LCD screen makes it easy to read essential information, while its multiple memory functions make it easy to store the most used channels.
The built-in ASN function with internal GPS receiver automates emergency procedures and facilitates selective communications with other equipped vessels. The possibility of connecting a remote microphone and its compatibility with NMEA 2000 systems make it a preferred choice for sophisticated installations. Its price, although located at the top of the range, is justified by its robustness and its long-term performance.
Standard Horizon HX890 — Handheld with GPS
The Horizon HX890 Standard is revolutionizing the portable VHF segment by integrating a high-sensitivity GPS receiver and basic mapping functions. This 5-watt floating VHF perfectly combines portability and advanced features, with a color screen that is particularly readable even in direct sunlight.
Its emergency capabilities include automatic position transmission and a DSC function that turns this portable VHF into a true personal distress beacon. The exceptional battery life of the Li-ion battery and the fast charging via USB make it particularly suitable for prolonged navigation. The man-at-sea alarm system (MOB) is a major security asset for small crews.
Navicom RT420 — Good quality/price ratio
The Navicom RT420 represents an excellent compromise for navigators looking for a high-performance fixed VHF without high-end refinements. This 25-watt station offers all essential functions with solid build quality and efficient ergonomics. Its LCD screen, although simpler than that of the premium models, clearly shows important information.
Ease of use is one of its main advantages, allowing quick handling even for novice users. Its attractive price does not compromise audio quality or reliability, two essential parameters for effective maritime communication. The lack of ASN functions may be a limitation for some users, but it is ideal for conventional coastal navigation.
Cobra MR HH600 — complete portable VHF
The Cobra MR HH600 stands out for its excellent feature/price ratio in the portable VHF segment. This 6-watt unit integrates a NOAA weather receiver with automatic alerts, a function that is particularly appreciated for monitoring weather conditions while sailing.
Its ergonomic design and sturdy construction make it a reliable companion for all water activities. The rechargeable battery offers satisfactory autonomy, while the JIS7 waterproof certification guarantees effective protection against splashes of water. The LED emergency lighting and dual standby monitoring functions add a significant security dimension at a reasonable price.
Garmin VHF 215i — GPS and NMEA 2000 integration
The Garmin VHF 215i perfectly illustrates the technological evolution of modern VHFs by offering advanced integration with electronic navigation systems. This 25-watt fixed station with integrated ASN connects natively to the on-board NMEA 2000 network, allowing the sharing of GPS information and coordination with chartplotters.
The user interface, inspired by the ergonomics of Garmin GPS, makes it easy to navigate menus and access advanced functions. Outstanding audio quality and automatic noise reduction features ensure clear communications even under difficult conditions. Its premium price is justified by technological innovation and perfect integration into the Garmin electronic ecosystem.
VHF and regulations: what you need to know before buying
Registration and MMSI
Assigning an MMSI (Maritime Mobile Service Identity) number is a mandatory procedure for any VHF equipped with ASN. This unique 9-digit number identifies your vessel in the global maritime distress and safety system. The request is made to the ANFR (Agence Nationale des Fréquences) and requires the provision of precise information on the boat and its owner.
The programming of the MMSI in the VHF must be carried out by an authorized installer or a qualified professional, this operation being generally irreversible. The registration also includes the declaration of the technical characteristics of the equipment and its intended conditions of use. These formalities, although administrative, determine the effectiveness of the international maritime rescue system.
Is CRR training mandatory or not?
The Restricted Radiotelephone Operator Certificate (CRR) remains mandatory for the use of any marine VHF, whether fixed or portable, in French and international waters. This one-day course teaches maritime communication procedures, the correct use of channels, and international emergency protocols.
The CRR exam assesses the theoretical and practical knowledge required for effective and secure communication. Topics covered include the international phonetic alphabet, distress call procedures, the use of different channels, and applicable maritime regulations. This certification, valid for life, is a minimal investment in terms of the security it provides.
Use in international waters
Navigation in international waters subjects the use of VHF to international conventions, in particular the SOLAS (Safety of Life at Sea) convention and the ITU radio regulations. These regulations harmonize procedures and ensure the interoperability of global maritime communication systems.
Some countries require specific formalities for the temporary importation of radio equipment, sometimes including obtaining temporary user licenses. Owning the CRR and registering the equipment correctly generally facilitate these administrative procedures. Consulting the notices to mariners in destination countries makes it possible to anticipate any specific requirements.
Care and best practices for use
Regular check
Preventive maintenance on your VHF ensures its operational availability when you need it most. Regular checks include checking the proper functioning of all channels, especially emergency channels 16 and 70, as well as the quality of reception and transmission. Range tests with other ships or coastal stations make it possible to detect possible performance degradations.
Visual inspection of connectors, especially those of the antenna, often reveals the first signs of saline corrosion that can significantly affect performance. Regular cleaning of the contacts with specialized products and the application of dielectric grease maintain the quality of the connections. Checking the tightness of joints and cable transits prevents moisture infiltration, which is the main cause of marine equipment failure.
Off-season storage and protection
Winter storage of portable VHFs requires special precautions to preserve their longevity. Removing batteries during periods of prolonged non-use prevents the risk of dripping and corrosion of the contacts. Storage in a dry environment, at a stable temperature, protects electronic components that are sensitive to hygrometric variations.
Fixed VHFs benefit from disconnecting the antenna during winter periods to protect them from electrostatic discharges and lightning. The use of breathable protective covers keeps equipment dust-free while allowing residual moisture to be evacuated. Periodic verification of the condition of stored equipment makes it possible to detect possible problems early.
Good habits at sea for effective communication
The effectiveness of radio communication is based as much on technique as on compliance with established procedures. The use of the international phonetic alphabet for spelling names and numbers avoids misunderstandings, especially in difficult reception conditions. The conciseness of the messages and the use of standardized maritime vocabulary facilitate mutual understanding.
Listening to the channel before any broadcast respects current communications and avoids interference. Selecting the appropriate channel according to the type of communication (distress, safety, public correspondence) optimizes the efficiency of the system and complies with regulations. Regular monitoring of channel 16 and the activation of automatic monitoring on ASN VHF contribute to the collective safety of navigation.
FAQ: Frequently asked questions about choosing a VHF
What is the real range of a marine VHF?
The range of a marine VHF depends mainly on the emission power, the height of the antennas and the atmospheric conditions. In theory, a fixed 25-watt VHF can carry up to 25-30 nautical miles under optimal conditions, while a 5-watt handheld typically reaches 8-15 miles. However, these values remain theoretical because the propagation of VHF waves follows the optical line of sight, limited by Earth's curvature and natural obstacles.
Can we use a VHF without CRR in France?
No, the use of a marine VHF in France imperatively requires obtaining the Restricted Radiotelephone Operator Certificate (CRR). This legal requirement applies to all types of marine VHF, fixed or portable, used for recreational boating purposes. The absence of a CRR exposes the user to administrative sanctions and undermines the effectiveness of emergency communications.
What is the difference between a VHF with or without ASN?
ASN (Selective Digital Call) transforms traditional VHF into an advanced digital communication system. A VHF with ASN can automatically transmit the identity of the ship, its GPS position and the nature of the emergency on channel 70, considerably facilitating rescue operations. It also allows for selective communications between ships without obstructing voice channels. Without ASN, VHF is limited to traditional voice communications on standard channels.
Do I need to register my portable VHF?
The registration of a portable VHF is not mandatory if it is not equipped with ASN. However, portable models with ASN require the assignment of an MMSI number and therefore registration with the ANFR. This approach, identical to that of fixed VHFs, conditions the use of digital functions and the efficiency of the automated emergency system.
Which VHF to choose for a sailboat vs a semi-rigid?
The choice depends on the navigation program and the size of the boat. A cruising yacht will benefit from a fixed 25W VHF with ASN for offshore navigation, complemented by a laptop for maneuvers and dinghy. A semi-rigid used for coastal navigation can be satisfied with a powerful portable VHF of 5-6 watts, which is more practical and sufficient for this type of use. The presence of a permanent 12V electrical installation also influences this choice.
Conclusion
The choice of a marine VHF must imperatively adapt to your navigation program, the type of boat and your navigation habits. Occasional coastal navigators will prefer an efficient and versatile portable VHF, while offshore cruisers will opt for a fixed installation with ASN complemented by a backup laptop. Transmission power, autonomy, tightness and additional functions are the decisive technical criteria, but CRR training and compliance with regulations remain absolute prerequisites.
Technological evolution is constantly enriching the offer with GPS, meteorological and connectivity functionalities that transform VHF into a true maritime communication center. These innovations, combined with monitoring solutions such as the Oria Marine IoT box, contribute to the digital revolution in modern yachting. Whatever your final choice, VHF remains your vital link to safety at sea, justifying a thoughtful investment in quality equipment adapted to your specific needs and maintained in perfect working condition.
